✎ soc:2008:mdeck:notes:gpxe_driver_api

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====== gPXE Driver API Documentation ======
A gPXE network driver may incorporate elements of the following:
  * [[#gpxe_pci_device_driver_api|gPXE PCI Device Driver API]]
  * [[#gpxe_network_driver_api|gPXE Network Driver API]]
  * [[#non-volatile_storage_api|Non-Volatile Storage API]]

Note the [[:dev:netdriverapi|previous driver model]] of Etherboot is deprecated.
Existing Etherboot PCI drivers are temporarily supported via the compatibility layer in src/drivers/net/legacy.c
Drivers currently conforming to the gPXE Network Driver API are:
  * e1000
  * natsemi
  * rtl8139



===== gPXE PCI Device Driver API =====
A PCI driver provides its API routines to gPXE via a ''struct pci_driver''.  For example, in natsemi.c:
<code c>
struct pci_driver natsemi_driver __pci_driver = {
	.ids = natsemi_nics,
	.id_count = (sizeof (natsemi_nics) / sizeof (natsemi_nics[0])),
	.probe = natsemi_probe,
	.remove = natsemi_remove,
};
</code>
The ''.ids'' and ''.id_count'' members list the vendor & device IDs of supported devices. 
The functions natsemi_probe & natsemi_remove are driver implementations of the required PCI device driver API functions: 
  * ''[[#probe|static int probe ( struct pci_device* , const struct pci_device_id* )]]''
  * ''[[#remove|static void remove ( struct pci_device* )]]''

==== probe ====
''static int probe ( struct pci_device* , const struct pci_device_id* )''\\
This function is called [[:soc:2008:mdeck:notes:initialization|first]] to initialize the card.  Here a typical network driver will:
  - Allocate a ''struct net_device'' with associated private data using ''alloc_etherdev()''.
  - Associate the driver functions with the ''net_device'' via ''netdev_init()''.
  - Associate the ''net_device'' with the ''pci_device'' via ''pci_set_drvdata()''.
  - Initialize private data.
  - Ensure busmastering is enabled and check pci latency with ''adjust_pci_device()''.
  - Reset the device.
  - Initialize [[#EEPROM|EEPROM]].
  - Read the MAC address from EEPROM.
  - Mark the ''net_device'' as having a link up with ''netdev_link_up()'', as we don't yet handle the link state.
  - Name the device and add it to the list of network devices via ''register_netdev()''.
  - Possibly setup a non-volatile stored options block with ''nvo_init()'' & ''register_nvo()''.

==== remove ====
''static void remove ( struct pci_device* )''\\
This function is called last to remove the device.  A typical driver will:
  - Call ''unregister_nvo()'' for any registered non-volatile stored options.
  - Call ''iounmap()'' for any addresses previously mapped with ''ioremap()''.
  - Call ''unregister_netdev()'' for the device previously registered with ''register_netdev()''
  - Reset the device.
  - Dissociate driver functions from ''net_device'' via ''netdev_nullify()''.
  - Decrement reference count of ''net_device'' with ''netdev_put()''.



===== gPXE Network Driver API =====
A network driver in gPXE provides its API routines to the system via a ''struct net_device_operations'' during the initial ''probe()'' call
(see [[:soc:2008:mdeck:notes:initialization|initialization of a network driver]]).  For example, in natsemi.c:
<code c>
static struct net_device_operations natsemi_operations = {
        .open           = natsemi_open,
        .close          = natsemi_close,
        .transmit       = natsemi_transmit,
        .poll           = natsemi_poll,
	.irq		= natsemi_irq,
};
</code>
Here, natsemi_open/close/etc are driver implementations of the required network driver API functions: 
  * ''[[#close|static void close ( struct net_device* )]]''
  * ''[[#open|static int open ( struct net_device* )]]''
  * ''[[#transmit|static int transmit ( struct net_device*, struct io_buffer* )]]''
  * ''[[#poll|static void poll ( struct net_device* )]]''
  * ''[[#irq|static void irq ( struct net_device*, int enable )]]''

==== close ====
''static void close ( struct net_device* )''\\
This function is called repeatedly in ''autoboot()'' during [[:soc:2008:mdeck:notes:initialization|initialization]], prior to attempting to boot each network device.  In this routine, a typical driver might:
  - Acknowledge interrupts.
  - Disable irq, receives.
  - Reset the device.
  - Free any used resources (e.g. rx/tx rings, dma buffers, etc).

==== open ====
''static int open ( struct net_device* )''\\
This function is first called in ''netboot()'' when attempting a device boot during [[:soc:2008:mdeck:notes:initialization|initialization]], //after// ''close()'' is called.  A driver would:
  - Program MAC address to device.
  - Setup TX & RX rings.
  - Perform other configuration (e.g. filters, bursts, interrupts).
  - Enable RX and TX.

==== transmit ====
''static int transmit ( struct net_device*, struct io_buffer* )''\\
A data transmission is actuated with this routine.  A typical driver might:
  - Check for tx overflow.
  - Save buffer pointer for later tx completion reference.
  - Pad & align packet if necessary.
  - Add packet to transmit ring.
  - Possibly ensure transmit is on.

==== poll ====
''static void poll ( struct net_device* )''\\
This function is called periodically by the network stack to process tx completions and rx packets.  A typical driver would:
  - Acknowledge interrupts.
  - Feed tx completions to ''netdev_tx_complete()'' or ''netdev_tx_complete_err()''.
  - Add good received packets to receive queue with ''netdev_rx()'', or feed corrupted packets to ''netdev_rx_err()''

==== irq ====
''static void irq ( struct net_device*, int enable )''\\
In this function, a typical driver will:
  - Enable interrupts if the int parameter is non-zero
Note the //force interrupt// behavior from Etherboot is deprecated.



===== Non-Volatile Storage API =====
The nvs API may be used to access non-volatile storage that conforms to a number of supported SPI variants.
  * To initialize nvs support:
    - The read_bit() and write_bit() function pointers are stored in a ''struct spi_bit_basher''.
    - The mode & endianness are also initialized.
    - ''init_spi_bit_basher()'' is called.
    - A ''struct spi_device'' is initialized (EEPROM-model dependent).
    - Bus is copied: ''spidev.bus = &spibb.bus''
    - If non-volatile options will be utilized:
      - Call ''nvo_init(&nvob, &spidev.nvs, nvof, ..)'' where ''nvof'' is an array of ''struct nvo_fragment''s that specify the usable regions.  This will also initialize a settings block. 
    - Else, if non-volatile options will //not// be used:
      - Initialize a ''struct nvo_block'' with ''nvob.nvs = &spidev.nvs''
      - Assign usable regions via ''nvob.fragments = nvof'' where ''nvof'' is an array of ''struct nvo_fragment''s that specify the usable regions.
  * Use ''nvs_read()'' to perform a serial read @ a specific address.
  * Use ''nvs_write()'' to perform a serial write @ a specific address.
Trace: • notes • notes • notes • week3 • usermode_ideas • project_plan • week2 • hook_bios_interrupt • week6 • project_plan
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