✎ appnotes:authmenus - Etherboot/gPXE Wiki

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====== User-specific boot menus ======

This page outlines the steps I took to implement a proof of concept comprising user authentication at preboot time and dynamically generated boot menus.  The user is first presented with a login screen.  The user's credentials are passed via an SSL-encrypted link to a server, which authenticates the user and then provides a boot menu containing a list of authorised boot selections.  The list of boot selections can vary according to the user.

{{ :screenshots:gpxe_ssl_menu.png?320x240|Sample menu screen}}

===== Setup (boring part) =====

Find a suitable Apache web server, complete with valid SSL certificate.  Create a directory called "boot" on this web server.  For the purpose of this documentation, I will assume that the full URI for this directory is //%%http://my.web.server/boot%%//.

In the "boot" directory, create a file ".htaccess" containing

    SSLRequireSSL


==== vesamenu.c32 current ====
The current version of vesamenu.c32 can not be loaded directly from gPXE and requires PXELINUX as an intermediate layer.  You will need two PHP files, a boot.php containing

  <?php
  
  header ( "Content-type: text/plain" );
  
  echo "#!gpxe\n";
  echo "imgfree\n";
  echo "login\n";
  echo "set 209:string bootcfg.php";
  echo "set 210:string ".
        "https://\${username:uristring}:\${password:uristring}@".
        $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"].
        dirname ( $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"] ).
        "/\n";
  echo "chain \${210:string}pxelinux.0";
  ?>

and a bootcfg.php containing

  <?php
  
  header ( "Content-type: text/plain" );
  
  echo "UI runmenu\n\n";
  echo "LABEL runmenu\n";
  echo "COM32 vesamenu.c32\n";
  echo "APPEND menu.php\n";
  ?>

==== vesamenu.c32 directly ====
You will need a file "boot.php" containing

    <?php
    
    header ( "Content-type: text/plain" );
    
    echo "#!gpxe\n";
    echo "imgfree\n";
    echo "login\n";
    echo "chain ".
          "https://\${username:uristring}:\${password:uristring}@".
          $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"].
          dirname ( $_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"] ).
          "/vesamenu.c32 menu.php\n";
    ?>

In order to use vesamenu.c32 directly from gPXE, you must use Syslinux-3.86 from [[http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/3.xx/]] and not the latest version.

==== Setup part 1 continued ====
Configure your DHCP server to hand out //boot.php// as the boot file, using something like (for ISC dhcpd)((If you are using PXE-chaining, you may want to investigate the various methods for avoiding infinite loops described in the [[:pxechaining|PXE chainloading]] HowTo.)):

    filename "https://my.web.server/boot/boot.php";

Download the latest //syslinux// tarball from [[http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/]] and extract it.  Copy the files //com32/menu/vesamenu.c32// and //com32/modules/cmd.c32// into the "boot" directory on the web server.

===== Setup (interesting part) =====

In the "boot" directory, you can now create a file called "menu.php".  This PHP script needs to generate a standard //syslinux// menu configuration file; the resulting menu will be displayed to the user.

The PHP script will have access to the plaintext of the username and password (in the variables ''%%$_SERVER["PHP_AUTH_USER"]%%'' and ''%%$_SERVER["PHP_AUTH_PW"]%%'').  Although the script has access to the plaintext, the traffic over the wire was encrypted with SSL and so is (nominally) not vulnerable to eavesdropping.

You can implement any kind of policy that you like with the script.  Here is a trivial proof-of-concept example:

    <?php
    
    header ( "Content-type: text/plain" );
    
    $username = $_SERVER["PHP_AUTH_USER"];
    $password = $_SERVER["PHP_AUTH_PW"];
    
    $index = 0;
    
    function title ( $title ) {
      global $username;
      echo "menu title ".$title;
      echo ( $username ? " for ".$username : "" )."\n";
    }
    
    function label ( $label ) {
      global $index;
      $index++;
      echo "label item".$index."\n";
      echo "  menu label ";
      echo "^".( ( $index < 10 ) ? $index :
                 sprintf ( "%c", $index + ord ( 'A' ) - 10 ) )." ";
      echo $label."\n";
    }
    
    function sanboot ( $label, $root_path ) {
      label ( $label );
      echo "  kernel cmd.c32\n";
      echo "  append sanboot ".$root_path."\n";
      echo "\n";
    }
    
    function uriboot ( $label, $uri, $args ) {
      label ( $label );
      echo "  kernel ".$uri."\n";
      if ( $args )
          echo "  append ".$args."\n";
    }
    
    function retry () {
      echo "label failed\n";
      echo "  menu label Authentication Failed\n";
      echo "  menu disable\n";
      uriboot ( "Try again", "boot.php", "" );
    }
    
    function authenticated () {
      global $username;
      global $password;
    
      switch ( "$username:$password" ) {
      case "mcb30:password":
      case "guest:guest":
        return 1;
      default:
        return 0;
      }
    }
    
    ?>
    
    menu background atlantis.png
    prompt 0
    timeout 100
    allowoptions 0
    menu timeoutrow 29
    menu vshift 2
    menu rows 8
    menu color title  1;36;44   #ff8bc2ff #00000000 std
    menu color unsel  37;44     #ff1069c5 #00000000 std
    menu color sel    7;37;40   #ff000000 #ffff7518 all
    menu color hotkey 1;37;44   #ffffffff #00000000 std
    menu color hotsel 1;7;37;40 #ff000431 #ffff7518 all
    
    <?
    
    title ( "Secure Network Boot" );
    
    if ( ! authenticated() ) {
      retry();
    } else {
    
      if ( $username == "mcb30" ) {
    
        sanboot ( "MS-DOS 6.22",
                  "iscsi:chipmunk.tuntap::::iqn.2007-07.chipmunk:msdos622" );
    
        sanboot ( "Windows 2k3",
                  "iscsi:chipmunk.tuntap::::iqn.2007-07.chipmunk:win2k3" );
    
      }
    
      uriboot ( "Linux rescue shell",
                "http://chipmunk.tuntap/images/uniboot/uniboot.php", "" );
    }
    
    ?>

This sample script authenticates the user against a hardcoded password list and then generates a boot menu.  User //mcb30// will receive the option of booting //MS-DOS//, //Windows 2003// or //Linux//, user //guest// will receive only the option of booting //Linux//.  If authentication fails, the user is redirected back to the login screen.

===== Screenshots =====

When first booting, the user sees this login screen:

{{ :screenshots:gpxe_login.png?720x400 |Login screen}}

After authenticating correctly as //mcb30//, the user sees this menu screen:

{{ :screenshots:gpxe_ssl_menu.png?640x480 |Menu screen}}

This was generated by //menu.php// as:

    menu background atlantis.png
    prompt 0
    timeout 100
    allowoptions 0
    menu timeoutrow 29
    menu vshift 2
    menu rows 8
    menu color title  1;36;44   #ff8bc2ff #00000000 std
    menu color unsel  37;44     #ff1069c5 #00000000 std
    menu color sel    7;37;40   #ff000000 #ffff7518 all
    menu color hotkey 1;37;44   #ffffffff #00000000 std
    menu color hotsel 1;7;37;40 #ff000431 #ffff7518 all
    
    menu title Secure Network Boot for mcb30
    label item1
      menu label ^1 MS-DOS 6.22
      kernel cmd.c32
      append sanboot iscsi:chipmunk.tuntap::::iqn.2007-07.chipmunk:msdos622
    
    label item2
      menu label ^2 Windows 2k3
      kernel cmd.c32
      append sanboot iscsi:chipmunk.tuntap::::iqn.2007-07.chipmunk:win2k3
    
    label item3
      menu label ^3 Linux rescue shell
      kernel http://chipmunk.tuntap/images/uniboot/uniboot.php

===== Further reading =====

The syntax of the generated menu files is documented within the //syslinux// project at [[http://syslinux.zytor.com/wiki/index.php/Comboot/menu.c32]] and [[http://syslinux.zytor.com/wiki/index.php/SYSLINUX]].

===== Future ideas =====

==== Pass-through authentication to iSCSI ====

If the user eventually ends up performing an iSCSI boot, gPXE will still have the user's credentials available for iSCSI authentication.  If the iSCSI target could be made to authenticate against the same user database as the PHP script, this would allow for single sign-on right through to the iSCSI boot stage.

The credentials do get passed to the loaded OS via the iBFT, so we get single sign-on through to the iSCSI runtime stage for free.

For extra bonus points, it would be possible to write a Windows driver (very similar in structure to [[:sanbootconf|sanbootconf]]) that would pick up the username and password from the iBFT, and store them in the registry as the autologon credentials; this would give you single sign-on right through to the desktop.  The relevant registry entries are all found in //HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon//, and should be set as follows:

  * //DefaultUserName// - set to user name from iBFT

  * //DefaultPassword// - set to password from iBFT

  * //AutoAdminLogon// - set to 1

  * //AutoLogonCount// - set to 1, so that Windows erases((Hopefully Windows will erase the credentials.  If it doesn't then this single sign-on approach would be a really bad idea, since the //Winlogon// key is by default readable by all users on the system.)) the credentials from the registry as soon as they have been used.

Note that Windows imposes a minimum password length of 12 characters, and a maximum of 16 characters, for iSCSI authentication; this scheme will silently break unless your password policy enforces an appropriate min/max password length of 12<-->16 characters.
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